The prostate gland is an organ found in men, surrounding the neck of the urinary bladder. The gland grows with age, but if it grows too big, it can exert pressure on the urethra (tubes that drain urine), and may obstruct the flow of urine.

Nephrolithotomy is a surgical procedure used to remove kidney stones. This procedure is chosen when the stone is too large and causes blockages in the urinary tract and cannot be removed using simpler, less invasive procedures.